Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay - 609 Words

How does William Shakespeare use the play to make the audience think about aspects of love through the play ‘Midsummer Nights Dream? The play Midsummer Nights Dream is written by William Shakespeare during the Elizabethan era. During the Elizabethan times comedies were popular and this play is also written as a comedy. Comedies during the Elizabethan times consisted of a specific story of lovers and ends with everyone marrying and living happily ever after again, some of these plays were also very funny e.g. Pyramas and Thisbe. This is very different to what we think is a comedy nowadays. In our minds a comedy would be something that makes the audience laugh and consists of many jokes. The play would have been played in the Globe arena†¦show more content†¦Usually in them days the rich could talk to the peasants how ever they like and could kill them without a word going out. Where as the peasants had to show up most respect to the rich. This is all changed around in the final performance where the workmen perform the play ‘Pyramas and Thisbe’. The play Midsummer Nights Dream combines both hu mor and fantasy. This reflects on the two audiences, rich and poor. The rich would have liked more ordered lifestyle which is shown in the characters of Theseus and Hippolyta. On the other hand the peasants would have believed in fairies like Puck, Obereon and Titania. They believed in these fairies as there lives are very chaotic compared to the influential people. The play Midsummer Nights Dream consists of many types of love. William Shakespeare does this so that he can make the audience compare how the types of love fluctuate. The types of love vary from emotional love to political love. Other types of love in the play is Titania and Oberon who have been married for a very long time, both inflict pain and trickery on each other regularly. The romantic relationships in this play all act upon one straightforward quote said by Lysander —‘the course of true love does not run smooth’. One type of love which is shown in the play is political love. This is shown in the play when both Theseus and Hippolyta get married. Hippolyta’s country is inShow MoreRelatedLove in A Midsummer Night’s Dream1043 Words   |  5 PagesLove in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Throughout the events which unfold in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare delivers several messages on love. Through this play, one of the significant ideas he suggests is that love is blind, often defying logic and overriding other emotions and priorities. Helena loves Demetrius unconditionally and pursues him despite knowing that he loathes her; conflict arises between Helena and Hermia, childhood best friends, over Demetrius and Lysander; and becauseRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream- Love1141 Words   |  5 Pages In the play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, written by William Shakespeare, a literary technique known as â€Å"doubling† is used to convey entertainment, mystery and reality as the story line for Lysander and Demetrius, Helena and Hermia, Oberon and Theseus, and Titania and Hippolyta. †Doubling† shows indistinguishable personalities of each character but completely contrapositive background stories and actions. Lysander and Demetri us are completely identical except for their personality, actions, and theRead MoreTheme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream1041 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Love within the modern society has taken on a flippant meaning, depending on the phraseology used around the context of the word. Love is used interchangeably with the idea that â€Å"I love apple pie† to â€Å"I love this new car† to the point in which the term love is devalued within our society. How can one say they love their spouse or children and not devalue the true meaning of this intent, when they claim to love apple pie as well? Within the playRead MoreTheme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream907 Words   |  4 PagesA Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay There are several types of love that can be found within the play, â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† by William Shakespeare. I will cover the following three types of love found in the play, forced love, romantic love, and parental love. In the play Shakespeare actually tries to show the audience just how fickle love can be and even goes out of his way to poke fun at those who cannot let go of the love that they feel for another person. Another concept that ShakespeareRead MoreEssay on Love In A Midsummer Night’s Dream524 Words   |  3 Pageselements as well as characters Puck and Oberon, the true message of love in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is revealed. The four lovers know the direction in which their hearts are inclined to turn, but when the love potion is administered, the bounds of their rectangle are thrashed without knowledge or consent. The rapid shifts in affection between the play’s â€Å"four loversâ⠂¬  is representative of the idea that love isn’t a conscious choice, but a cruel game in which we are the figurinesRead MoreTheme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream704 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream central theme of love A common theme in literature is love. Love can take hold in an instant and can make you do things you never would have done otherwise. Love appears in several different ways in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Hermia and Lysander show true love, while Helena demonstrates unrequited love. Titania and Bottom presents us with magic love. In the play, love is also the cause of a few broken hearts. While there is no one common definitionRead MoreMidsummer Night’s Dream: The Power of Love1260 Words   |  6 Pages Love is a powerful emotion, capable of turning reasonable people into fools. Out of love, ridiculous emotions arise, like jealousy and desperation. Love can shield us from the truth, narrowing a perspective to solely what the lover wants to see. Though beautiful and inspiring when requited, a love unreturned can be devastating and maddening. In his play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, William Shakespeare comically explores the flaw s and suffering of lovers. Four young Athenians: DemetriusRead MoreThe Theme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream755 Words   |  4 Pageshaving a cheerful ending. A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a comedy with a theme of love’s difficulties. Articulating the theme, Lysander, one of the main characters, states, â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth,† (I.i.134). Female characters of the play, Hermia, Helena, Hippolyta, and Titania, have a significant role in the delivery of the theme of love’s difficulties. Hermia, the â€Å"disobedient† daughter of Egeus, has much in common with today’s females. She let love and the potential of happinessRead MoreTheme Of Love Gone Love And A Midsummer Nights Dream1892 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Theme Comparison Love is a popular theme in a multitude of literature pieces throughout the times. Forbidden love seems nearly as popular as does love gone wrong and unconditional love. Two tales that contain the theme of forbidden love, the theme of love gone wrong, and the theme of unconditional love are: William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Fay Weldon’s â€Å"IND AFF or Out of Love in Sarajevo.† Though these stories were both written many years apart, they have a commonalityRead MoreDifferent Types of Love in Midsummer Night’s Dream1508 Words   |  7 PagesTypes of Love in Midsummer Night’s Dream Love and lovers, both can be described as many different things. William Shakespeare shows us this in his play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In this play we see all types of love, from passionate love to foolish love. Along with this we also see different types of lovers and pairs. Examples of these lovers come from pairs like, Hermia and Lysander, Demetrius and Helena, Titana and Bottom, and Oberon and Titana. It seems that in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare

The Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay - 1680 Words

Globalization. Everyday you hear it on the news, you read it in the newspaper, and you overhear people talking about it- and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a different meaning. When I hear of globalization I think of the whole world coming close together in all phases. I tend to think that we as human beings are breaking down barriers that have been protected or guarded. For instance, I initially thought of the progress we are making in the communication aspect. So what its globalization and its effects on the United States? WHAT IS GLOBALIZTION? First off, we will search and explore some definitions of the term globalization. ?Globalization is the process of denationalization of markets, politics, and†¦show more content†¦Trade barriers such as tariffs were erected. World economic growth stagnated and exports fell back down. (The History of Globalization, 2005). It seems as during this time, leaders became too conservative and very protective of our country?s future economy. ?Following World War II, a second wave of globalization emerged, lasting from 1950 to 1980. It focused on integration between developed countries as Europe, North America, and Japan restored trade regulations through a series of multilateral trade liberalizations? (International Globalization, 2004). At this time, third world countries other poor countries were being pushed aside while these three countries refurbished trade regulations to restore adequate trading. The most recent wave of globalization, which started in 1980, was spurred by a combination of advances in transportation and communication technologies. Can you imagine not having a cell phone or the Internet? From a student?s perspective, this era of globalization, has greatly increased and transformed our education. The advancements in technology and communication allow individuals to seek opportunities once not available. We need to be able to adapt, and adjust quickly because times are changing. INTERNATIONAL TRADE Americans? views of international trade are complex and cannot be explained as a simple preference for free trade. A strong majority of Americans views trade as something positive andShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of Globalization873 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros People have been on the move, traded, migrated and colonized in the earlier times; while in the process they transformed both places that they traveled to and the places that they came from. The pro-globalization people say that it is not just good for the rich but it’s good for the poor, because back in the 1990’s, when globalization took off, about 200 million people got out of poverty in places like India and China. Globalization is the process by which economies of countries aroundRead MorePros and Cons of Globalization2741 Words   |  11 PagesPros and cons of globalization Department: International Management Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Henkel and Prof. Dr. Perlitz Name: Shi Zhun Student ID: 1223396 Date: 29/Oct/2008 Table of Contents Page Number 1. Summary...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 3. The definition of globalization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...........4 4. Economic growth (pros and cons)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 5. Worker (pros and cons)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 6. Consumer (pros andRead MoreAnalysis of the Pros and Cons of Globalization1212 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization Introduction The continued accelerating pace of change in globalization is forcing an entirely new level of emphasis on individualized, highly targeted marketing across the many regions and countries of the world. Global marketing today must contend with a wider array of constraints, both economic and cultural, that as ever been the case in the past (Gupta, 2003). These constraints fuel a high level of creativity and focus on how to overcome cultural and economic constraints throughRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Globalization803 Words   |  4 PagesThe term ‘globalisation’ is commonly used to describe a modernisation and capitalist expansion, that entails a variety of economic, cultural, social and political changes over the past 50 years, that have shaped the world today (Guttal, 2007, pp. 524). An important aspect of this concept, is the rapid increase in transnational movements of goods and services, and the weakening notion of national and geo-political borders. Not only has glo balisation created economic prosperity but also a large flowRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essays1386 Words   |  6 Pagesspread of cultures, trade, information and creating options, Globalization can be highly beneficial to everyone by bestowing great fortunes on us. This essay will highlight the positive and negative effects of globalisation, but also discuss solutions and evaluate them. Economists have used the term globalization since the 1980’s, although it was used in social sciences in the 1960’s. However, the principles and ideas of globalization have not spread to the twentieth century. Globalisation isRead MoreGlobalization, Pros and Cons for Developing Countries938 Words   |  4 Pagesterm â€Å"Globalization† for developing countries. Some social, economic and environmental issues are discussed in the paper. This Document addresses the advantages and disadvantages of the term â€Å"Globalization† for developing countries. Some social, economic and environmental issues are discussed in the paper. Hosein Rahmati Hosein Rahmati Globalization, Pros And Cons For Developing Countries January 2012 Globalization, Pros And Cons For Developing Countries January 2012 Globalization couldRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages Globalization is the process by which states become interdependent on each other on all spheres of life. It is a process where countries go global by adapting universal characteristics involving human race. It is therefore the process of uniting people of the world into one unit with universal characteristics. This characteristics include; systems of education, politics, democracy, economy among many others. Through globalization economies, civilizations and societies become integrated into a globalisedRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Globalization900 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization can be defined as the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. It also refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world (http://hotbabefatchicks.hubpages.com/hub/Definition-of-Globalization). Globalization can be both advantageous and detrimental to developing countries. Some of its advantages are increased external finance, improved technology and political conformism. Disadvantages of globalization includeRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay963 Words   |  4 Pages It is debated whether globalization is an advantage or disadvantage to our society. Everyday you hear it on the news, you read it in the newspaper, and you overhear people talking about it and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a different meaning. Globalization is the process by which a business or company becomes international or starts to operate on an international level such like the rise of the so-called global economy. It can also bring the world closer throughRead More Pros and Cons of Globalization and Localization Essays1487 Words   |  6 Pageshave been blessed with a stable economy. There has always been the extreme feeling of complacency and stability that comes with being a very large, internationally respected country. Strangely enough, America does not only reap the benefits of globalization, but it also basks in the glory of localization. We have, as a country, experienced much success both internationally and domestically. For example, w ithout our international businesses booming the way they are, our country would suffer from a

Tourist Destination

Questions: 1. Analyze issues that affects the popularity of tourist destinations.2. Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community. Answers: 1. Analyze issues that affects the popularity of tourist destinations The cause and effect in the relationship of tourism is difficult and complex to identify. The issues on tourist destinations differ according to the place. The issues can differ according to the place; it can be the affect of development issue or environmental issue. It can also impact the culture and communities of the organization. Nepal has taken as a tourist spot so analyze the issues associated with it. Nepal, which was once the most attractive tourist spot, is affected because of reasons like lack of infrastructure development, environmental problem, and lack of publicity and safety facilities for the tourist. Further the country gets involved in internal conflict (Briassoulis and Van der Straaten 2013). Lack of infrastructure development- Lack of infrastructure contributed to affect the country to a considerable amount. Nepal has infrastructure issues like transportation and communication problem. Electricity is also a major issue for the country. Failure to match the demand of the tourist along with the electricity problems adversely affects the tourists of Nepal. Nepal is a landlocked country with China from the North and India from the south. The total road network and density are low and only 435 of the population of their country can access to all-weather roads. Moreover the capital of the country Kathmandu is considered as one of the seismically unstable Himalayas. The tourist of the country faces lack of drinking water within the economy. Environmental issue- Nepal has various environmental problems like loss of forests, forest degradation, soil erosion, air and water pollution and unmanaged solid waste. Trekking is the most attractive tourist activity of Nepal. The growth of it curbed because of the environmental problems like landslides. The earthquake of 2015 has affected the tourist to a considerable amount. Further the forest land declined from 30% to 22% in relation with the total area. The air and water is the most significant environmental problems in Nepal. The tourist mostly prefers Nepal because of participating in the activities like rock climbing, Bungee Jumping but people preferring o shift o other countries like India because of its major environmental problems (Holden 2016). Lack of publicity and safety- publicity makes a country more attractive and enables to gather tourists. However, the lack of it can affect negativity to the tourists. Bangkok and Malaysia is an example of it. The publicity attracts more tourists from all over the world (Tarlow 2014). However, Nepal does not incur much cost in publicity. It enables the tourist to visit other places as most of them gets ignore about the activities and scenetic beauty of the country. Safety is another concern for all tourists. Besides landslides and earthquake the country is affected by theft in the tourist sites and in hotel rooms. Internal conflict- Internal conflicts in a country makes people threaten for visiting the country. The feeling of security is most important for a tourist (Sharpley and Telfer 2014). However Maoists intervention in Nepal threatens the tourist to a considerable amount. The publications in various journals and articles hold the government responsible for not managing the crisis of the tourism. The internal conflict gave birth to loss in the tourism sectors of Nepal. 2. Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community Nepal has been taken as an example of tourist destination to better understanding about the responsible tourism. The part enhances the responsible tourism focusing on Nepal. Responsible tourism is the principles of the social and the economic justices and respect towards the environment and its culture. It helps to recognize the centrality of the host community and develop a sustainable and responsible tourism. It helps to create a positive interaction between the tourist industry, local communities and travelers (Sharpley 2014). It helps the operators to grow their business providing benefits in terms of social and economic to local communities and enables to respect the environment. The main form of responsible tourism is to address the environmental and the social concern through its policies and practice. The trek and expeditions of Nepal contributes in the responsibly tourism. Nepal has place porter welfare the top priorities. Nepal complies with the International Porter Protect ion Guidelines (Mihalic 2014). Further a member of Kathmandu Environmental Education project is a non-profit organization works for ecological and cultural prosperity of Nepal. The country further embraces the responsible tourism through encouraging the tourist to buy local products. The country further maintains the environmental and cultural ecology so that it does not get hampered. The flood in the eastern Nepal the country enables to take initiatives and distribute cloths, necessary items and tents to the victims. Responsible tourism helps to initiate benefits of tourism to local people and the places. It enables to make the place better to live and for the people to visit. The Cape Town declaration recognizes the Responsible Tourism through its variety forms. It characterized to minimize the negative impacts of economic, social and environmental. It imitates to enable economic benefits for the local people and enhance the host community. It also includes the local people in the decision that affect their life and changes in positive manner (Leslie 2012). It encourages to preserve the natural and cultural heritage of the country and maintain diversify of the world. It provides enjoyable experience for the tourists through its connections with the local people and understanding of the local culture, social and environmental issue. It further concentrates to give access for the people with disabilities and disadvantaged. It contributes culturally sensitive and engaging respect between the touris ts and the hosts to initiate pride and confidence. The benefits can initiate from the responsible tourism in economic benefits, soci-cultural benefits and environmental benefits. Economic Benefit- It enables to provide jobs in terms of tour guides or hotel housekeeping. Indirect employment can also initiate through agriculture, food, production and retail sectors (Sharpley 2014). Social Benefits- It can bring sense of pride and identity to the community especially in the rural and mountains areas of under developed countries. It also helps to preserve the traditions which might be risk in some countries if wouldnt preserve (Raviv et al. 2013). Environmental benefits- It provides financial support to secure their ecosystem and manage the natural resource. It enables to add values to the local business. Reference List: Briassoulis, H. and Van der Straaten, J. eds., 2013.Tourism and the environment: regional, economic, cultural and policy issues(Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Holden, A., 2016.Environment and tourism. Routledge. Tarlow, P., 2014.Tourism security: strategies for effectively managing travel risk and safety. Elsevier. Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D.J. eds., 2014.Tourism and development: concepts and issues(Vol. 63). Channel View Publications. Sharpley, R., 2014. Teaching responsible tourism.The Routledge handbook of tourism and hospitality education, pp.171-184. Mihalic, T., 2014. Sustainable-responsible tourism discourseTowards responsustabletourism.Journal of Cleaner Production,30, p.1e10. Leslie, D. ed., 2012.Responsible tourism: Concepts, theory and practice. CABI. Raviv, C., Becken, S. and Hughey, K.F., 2013. Exploring values, drivers, and barriers as antecedents of implementing responsible tourism.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, p.1096348013491607.

Discussed In This Critique Is Shortcomings Observed In Accounting

Question: 1.To what magnitude does the shortfalls in the PAT research application occasioned the ineffectiveness of PAT research program than forecast? 2.How does PAT research applied presently in accounting practice? Answer: Introducation: The underlying topic discussed in this critique is shortcomings observed in accounting practice which has fell short of the dominant cosmic positivist research program. The central purpose of this critique is to appraise censoriously the Paul V Dunmores Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. This will demonstrate the influence of inadequacies in practice in attaining the potential of the authoritative extensive positive accounting theory research program. The main thesis is that without satisfactory practice in PAT research program, the prospective dominant comprehensive positivist research program shall be unachievable (Christie 2007). The author argues that the contemporary practice in PAT seem like very demonstrative of mounting the scientific purposes. The author additionally upheld that besides the inconsistencies accounting practice, normal science grants a groundwork and a background anchored on Kuhns calamity in addition to uprising since it stays possible to discharge PAT to appreciate its anticipated potential. The analysis assumes the following structure to profligately capture the foremost argument acknowledged overhead. It begins with an ephemeral summary of this article by concentrating principally on the leading argument as presented in the Pauls article. It will include the aim, main findings and theoretical framework and significance of the study. The next section delves deeper into study question. This section will mainly determine the research question and hypothesis presented in the article. The discussion of hypothesis and the research questions value as recognized in the article is also given in this section. Section two will primarily determine if the research question and hypothesis clearly flow from the literature review. The next section details the theoretical framework whereby the appreciation alongside discussion of the framework is presented besides the theoretical framework that informed this study. The next section provides a protracted discussion of limitation alongside implication. The deficiencies of theory alongside the methodological approach are detailed. It also look at whe ther the study has appreciated such weakness or limitations. Further, whether the researcher has drawn conclusions based on the assumed methodology is authenticated. This section further establishes whether the recognized limitations have impacted the significance and substance of the article in regards to accounting practices anchored on results established vis--vis the method of the study. In the final section, a brief conclusion and summary of the entire discussion is presented pointing out the significant facts as well as highlighting the entire critiques limitation to the accounting practice. Summary The article being critiqued was written by Paul V Dunmores Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. The article fundamentally discusses the PAT research program as concocted by Watts and Zimmerman. This claim was staked by the Watts and Zimmerman to the Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) for their assumed theory. The scholar pursued the scrutiny of the positive methodology to the accounting research. Paul viewed PAT research program as an important constituent of a wide-ranging well-informed project of scientific research. This program is pursued to understand the cause-effect relationship in the essential research world. Paul has successively viewed PAT in the broader viewpoint of research program which aims at developing causal intensification of the human behavior under accounting setting (Volovski et al. 2017). The researcher has furthermore undertaken a scrutiny of epistemology in addition to ontology of PAT program. Plentiful valuations surrounding statistical hypothesis logic while cursorily conforming to construction standard of Popper have moreover been recorded as mediocre. Paul has moreover recognized that besides the inclusive PAT program being hypothetically impressive, the insufficiencies in practice deter the apprehension of the programs needed potential (Dunmore 2011). The extensive happenstances hindering the PAT program have likewise been documented besides the casual creation of theoretical models that necessitates testing as well as unwarranted reliance on logic hypothesis testing (Roth, Suldo and Ferron 2017). Nonexistence of interest in statistical value of parameters together with insufficient replication to permit confidence in determining the reception have supplementary been recognized as shared incapacitations (Dunmore 2011). Using theories as standards for investigating alongside assessing qualitative data rather than as intensifications for tests is an additionally shared challenge fronting PAT program. The researcher has additionally considered evidence from pertinent alongside trustworthy articles for the authentication of the views presented in this article (Christie 2007). The researcher also appraised the broader well-informed project alongside the ontological as well as epistemological assumptions to comprehend both the implication as well as irregularities of positive accounting research. The appraisal uncovered serious shortcomings in the manner that PAT study is undertaken that hinders it from realizing evocative contribution to the inclusive project (Kim et al. 2017). Paul foreshadowed that the present practice in accounting leaves PAT with considerable clumsiness to reach the envisioned scientific purposes. Though, Paul displayed self-confident that Kuhns illumination of the normal science competently fits the PAT research (Kim et al. 201). The predictions of Kuhns story are clarified in brief based on Kuhnian crisis together with insurgence. It is believed that such a crux as well as insurgence is repressed to unlock the PAT accordingly achieving its jammed potential (Pandey et al. 2017). Question/Hypothesis The author has engaged many hypotheses besides research questions and clarified that he is never declared their truth, but somewhat just fact-finding for a passionate deferment of amazement to authorize their consistent conversation. Four hypotheses are highlighted by Paul and developed independently hesitantly, mindful that for plentiful of human being, they might have imagined outrageous and wicked and that seemingly an unwarranted fraction of humanity might bear to discern. Hypotheses: There is a world of self-governing of fancy of people that was never created by persons and its activities are not subjected to the ambitions of folks control It was feasible for normal folks to get impartially dependable information around the events of the world via considerate reflection. This, nevertheless, not ever imply that folks will never once be mistaken the point they are witnessing, rather such comments are never exclusively unrelated to such a world The logical scrutiny bestows to use observations to attain a comprehension of such a world, and precisely of interconnection. This suggests that people pursue mental models that indeed map the procedure of causal that transpire in such a realm The proceedings of this world have practicalities that are unconventionally component of the world therefore suggesting that neither totally haphazard nor the results of the interruptions from alfresco world Theoretical Framework A theoretical framework assumed by Paul evolved from a positivist position of a displeased hypothetical physicist whose accounting research stayed positivist emphasizing either model testing/ building. The disapprovals of the author, consequently, dedicated the position of an individual discriminating that the study arrangement is amazing, however distressed by the unskilled and unfertile diversities that are currently practiced in accounting. Paul used this understanding to instinct both editors besides referees to prefer such arrangements to shove the modern arrangements towards the deliverance of PAT research to realize the wanted prospective. The articles theoretical substance, consequently, builds on the acknowledgment from the literature review on auditing that thoughtful shortages occur in the modern practice in accounting research thereby obstructing PAT research program from making a material effect to the broader project. This is predestined to founding positive accounting research as a deep-rooted social system to contribute to the scheme of scientific investigation (Fleischman et al. 2017). The framework is devoted on the awareness that favorable findings of Kuhn (1970) research would be desperate to stimulate elites to hold a more than ever operative model. The author additionally differentiates an amnesty offered by the info that ascended from the study by Fogarty and Markarian in 2007 that implied elites proportional deportment being diminishing. Thus, the author predictable imminent upcoming tragedy and the opportunity for the assumption of an additionally ever respected model. Paul consecutively based his premise on suggesting proposals for actions by editor in chief as well as arbitrators to nudge the contemporary schemes in the direction of redeeming PAT investigation to hit its jam-packed potential. The author is informed by the acknowledgement that it is significant to appreciate the global Modus Operandi and later viewed it as undesirability that the connected to investigation watercourse is unfertile and ineffective, and, henceforth he has delivered definite proposals for advancement. Limitation and Significance The systematic review of available literature on auditing via the qualitative technique assumed in this investigation is devoted to certain limitations or inadequacies. A probability of carrying onward certain errors and liabilities made by preceding investigators into the modern study is high labels one of such limitations. Furthermore, the technique limits the building of fresh results since there is no chance to collect the primary data where secondary data is used which did not capture the differences professionally. The author has moreover documented the absence of improved dimensions to document demanding theoretical models testing due to failed notions operationalization. The nonexistence of standardized trustworthy unshakable relationship-focused way to be adopted in each study measuring is additional limitation confessed. The recurrent dimensions re-invention besides re-estimation of parameters with individual sample a study has additionally been recognized as the shortcoming to PAT research from achieving its teeming prospective. Additional limitation in the theory assumed in this study is the lack of theoretical models that are tremendously specified and, therefore, it is vulnerable to permit thorough testing. Paul has documented these limitations by suggesting the need for better theoretical models. This proposal arises from the background of the developing luxurious models from analytical research that are not ever admissible to be test due to their inacceptable development together with concentration on controllability hinged on concepts that are never meritoriously distinct hypothetically to permit operationalization (Watts and Zimmerman 2012). Paul has positively drawn hypothetical implications from the study which are defensible systematically. This is because the limits have been acknowledged from the systematic review of the previous auditing literature that have in turn molded the basis for proposing enhancements to allow positive research to meet its chockfull potential. The recommended need for ever-changing focus away from the testing hypotheses towards estimating parameters afterwards being informed by the attentiveness of testing hypothesis from the previous reviewed studies (Pandey et al. 2017). The precincts have meaningfully censoriously biased the insinuation of the study even though they have concomitantly unreservedly disadvantaged the contribution of the article to the accounting practice. This is caused by the awkwardness in methodology together with theories in the article that did not avail chance that present dependable results, nevertheless, the accounting is better going forward by suggesting recommendation that are indispensable to describe subsequent study to sanction PAT study to recognize its jam-packed package. Conclusion The author has exhumed that models that are tremendously stated and, hence, remarkably defenseless, besides being undertaken extremely as thorough testing subjects are required. Paul has further accredited that deplorable progress is ongoing in positive accounting research as a conventional upshot of using ad hoc quantitative models which are debilitated to meagre statements of the predictable sign of a connection between two factors (Volovski et al. 2017). References Baiman, S., 2010. Agency research in managerial accounting: A second look. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 15(4), pp.341-371. Bertomeu, J., Darrough, M. and Xue, W., 2017. Optimal conservatism with earnings manipulation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(1), pp.252-284. Christie, A.A., 2007. On cross-sectional analysis in accounting research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 9(3), pp.231-258. Dillard, J. and Vinnari, E., 2017. A case study of critique: Critical perspectives on critical accounting. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 43, pp.88-109. Dunmore, P.V., 2011. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Available at SSRN 1955419. Dunmore, P.V., 2011. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Faff, R.W., Carrick, R., Chen, A., Escobar, M., Khong, B.X.M., Nguyen, B.H. and Tunny, W., 2017. Fantasy Pitching III: UQ Summer Research Scholarsthe Role of'Money'in the 21st Century. Fleischman, G.M., Stephenson, T., Walker, K.B. and Cook, K.A., 2017. Factors that Influence Accounting Faculty Career Satisfaction: Comparisons by Program Prestige and Tenure Status. Accounting Horizons. Franco, A. and Roach, S.S., 2017. Factors That Determine Accounting Anxiety Among Users of English as a Second Language Within an International MBA Program. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 16(1). Kim, H.J., Min, A., Im, S.A., Jang, H., Lee, K.H., Lau, A., Lee, M., Kim, S., Yang, Y., Kim, J. and Kim, T.Y., 2017. Anti?tumor activity of the ATR inhibitor AZD6738 in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. International Journal of Cancer, 140(1), pp.109-119. Pandey, S.K., Pandey, S., Breslin, R.A. and Broadus, E.D., 2017. Public Service Motivation Research Program: Key Challenges and Future Prospects. Roth, R.A., Suldo, S.M. and Ferron, J.M., 2017. Improving Middle School Students' Subjective Well-Being: Efficacy of a Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention Targeting Small Groups of Youth. School Psychology Review. Volovski, M., Murillo-Hoyos, J., Saeed, T.U. and Labi, S., 2017. Estimation of Routine Maintenance Expenditures for Highway Pavement Segments: Accounting for Heterogeneity Using Random-Effects Models. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, p.04017006. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2010. Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective. Accounting review, pp.131-156. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2012. Positive accounting theory. Williams, P.F., 2009. The logic of positive accounting research. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 14(5), pp.455-468.

The Directional Process Analysis Essay Sample For Editors

The Directional Process Analysis Essay Sample For EditorsThe directional process analysis essay sample is used in order to help students grasp the concepts of how business is conducted. It teaches students the details of managing a company and the management strategy of most corporations.As an editor, you will be tasked to create an article for a school project. An essay assignment which is similar to the directional process analysis essay sample is always a good idea for many reasons. First of all, it allows students to practice their writing skills. Also, the text is easier to understand than the usual academic essay.This essay sample will teach you the basic management principles that are used in businesses. You will have to write a thesis statement, and then assign the material to the students.The thesis statement is the opening paragraph of the essay. In this, you should describe what you learned about the topic by the direction process analysis essay sample. When writing a thes is statement, you will need to make sure that you focus on the main point. Don't go into too much detail about every side, because it will make your readers confused.After you finish writing the assignment, you need to analyze it in your own way. It is important that you don't jump to conclusions. Although the essay is short, it contains many important points. As long as you have provided the students with the information that they need, they will be able to read it easily.When it comes to analyzing the assignments you receive, students will get an idea of what they should expect from you. They will realize that the task of being an editor will require hard work. It involves thinking hard so that you can come up with some worthwhile assignments. It is also necessary that you think of ways to improve the article before submitting it. When it comes to writing an essay, you have to rely on your own judgment and not on someone else's opinion. Do not rely on some skills that you may have learned from another person. Your goal as an editor is to write the best possible article possible so that you can pass it on to other students who will find it worthy of their attention.Students must be aware that there are various types of documents that may contain the information that they need. Therefore, it is crucial that you understand the differences between types of document that you may encounter while editing an essay.

Disadvantages of Information Technology Essay Example

Disadvantages of Information Technology Essay Keep in mind that Isonaizd(INH) is the established treatment for preventive therapy , and the usual regimen is up to 300mg daily for adults. You can keep pts on for 6 months or 12 months with a positive CXR. Always give vitB6 when treating pts with INH. If there is a suspected resistance then use Rifampin (RIF) alone or in combo with the said INH. How do we treat current CLASSES III IV diseases. The first line medications are used in combinations since these tend to delay the development of resistance and to enhance activity. INH(p. o. or IM) 300mg. nhibits synthesis of mycolic acid in the bacterial cell wall thus making it easy to kill the organism in the dividing stage. The drug is however, bacteriostatic for the bacilli in the stationary phase. The drug is metabolized by N-acetyl transferase. Some of side effects include paresthesia, fever, convulsions, hepatotoxic, optic neuritis and Hemolysis in G6PD deficient pts. High level resistance involves deletion in the katG gene that c odes for catalase, and low-level resistance involves deletions in the inhA gene that codes for the target acyl carrier protein. Keep in mind that genotypic variability exists with FAST ACETYLATORS needing high doses of INH. Remember for the boards that Vit B6 will offset the neurotoxicity. RIFAMPIN(RIF) GOOD against Mycobacterium tuberculosis very bacteriocidal against it. Also against M. leprae. Can be used prophylactically in meningitis. The drug suppress the initial step of RNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA dependent RNA polymerase, and resistance occurs via change in polymerase sensitivity to inhibition. The drug undergoes hepatic metabolism to red-orange colored metabolites. So let the patient know that the urine and feces will be red-orange in color. Nausea ,vomiting, rashes, fever, jaundice and flu like symptoms with high doses. This drug will reduce the efficacy of anticonvulsants,contraceptive steroids and warfarin so take note for your boards and clinical treatment. PYRAZINAMIDE(PZA): Good for short term use and initial therapy with INH and RIF. The precise target of this drug is not well understood. Works well when bacteria is dividing very bacteriocidal at that point. The drug requires bioactivation. Can cause gouty attacks, liver dysfunction, phototoxicity, hyperuricemia, exacerabation of porphryia, polyarthralgia. ETHAMBUTOL(EMB): Great against M. tuberculosis and kansasii. We will write a custom essay sample on Disadvantages of Information Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Disadvantages of Information Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Disadvantages of Information Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The drug inhibits synthesis of arabinogalactan a component of mycobacterial cell wall. The side effects are dose dependent, and most common are optic neuritis,and gout. So we have looked at the first line drugs for treating TB, but keep in mind that daily intake of Alcohol increases the risk of hepatitis in patients on INH. In females on oral contraceptives increase the dosages or change to another form of contraceptive. RIF will also decrease methadone activity in pts on it so increase the methadone dosage by 50% . In treating pregnant patients the initial combination should be INH, RIF and EMB along with B6. Do not use PZA it is TERATOGENIC, do not use STREPTOMYCIN also will cause deafness. In fact let me mention some antibiotics to be AVOIDED IN PREGNANCY. : Aminoglycosides – ototoxic in developing fetus, Clarithromycin-embryotoxic Erythromycin estolate- increases incidence of cholestasis in the pregnant patient. Fluoroquinolones- deleterious effect on collagen metabolism Tetracyclines- interfere with bone and tooth formation via calcium chelation Sulfonamides- not to be used in third trimester can displace bilirubin from plasma proteins in the fetus and neonate causing KERNICTERUS. Metronidazole – mutagenic. OK let me get back to TB treatment. The second line drugs are Aminosalicylic acid, Ethionamide, Cycloserene, Streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, Oflofloxacin, Kanamycin or Capreomycin Amniosalicyclic acid: This is a bacteriostatic drug used in the treatment of TB and has good distribution but is not seen in the CSF. It is a competitive inhibitor of PABA in folate synthesis, and is eliminated in the urine. So do not use in patients with renal failure. However, the drug has been associated with causing HYPOTHYROIDISM, acute hemolytic anemia and GI distress. If used with ethionamide can become hepatotoxic. P. O. Ethionamide – This is a structural analog of INH and inhibits acetylation of INH. The drug is seen IN CSF However, the mechanism of action is not quite clear but it is known to cause peripheral neuropathies, GI distress, optic neuritis and is hepatototoxic. The drug is excreted in the urine and has a metallic taste. P. O. Cycloserine This tuberculostatic and its mechanism of action is unknown you never use it alone. Do not use it in pts with epilepsy since it will exacerbate the condition. The main side effect is peripheral neuropathies , Headaches, psychosis,depression so you can appreciate its CNS effects . nd it is excreted in the urine. P. O. Streptomycin – This was actually the first antibiotic that was used effectively to treat TB given IM but cause hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, auditory and renal toxicity. You can now understand why it is no longer a first line drug due to the side effects. Ciprofloxacin – P. O. I have already discussed this . Oflofloxacin – P. O. similar in action to Ciprofloxacin Kanamycin )IV, IM, Both of these drugs are useful but their side effects include auditory, vestibular Capreomycin)IV, IM, and renal toxicity. Hypokalema and eosinophilia. Let us now shift to the attention to antibiotics that inhibit bacterial wall synthesis. These agents that attack the bacterial cell wall in order to be maximally effective require actively proliferating organisms because they have little effect on organisms that are not growing. The B-Lactams are the most important for this activity and these are the PENICILLINS. Their mechanism of action is to interfere with the LAST STEP OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN SYNTHESIS .. The antibiotics will bind to and inactivate proteins present on the bacterial cell membrane. Thus morphological changes or lysis of susceptible bacteria will occur. There is also inhibition of the transpeptidase step, thus hindering the formation of the crosslinks essential for cell wall integrity. So cell wall synthesis is blocked. What will accumulate in the bacteria are the â€Å"PARK PEPTIDE† (UDP-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-D-Gln-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala) . The natural Penicillins are G and V. Pen G is used in infections caused by Gm + and Gm – cocci, Gm + bacilli and spirochetes. This is less acid stable and is given IV or IM. Great for syphilis, gonorrhea and Pneumococcal pneumonia. Pen V is similar to Pen G but is given P. O. and is more acid stable than Pen G. Never use Pen V to treat septicemia. Keep in mind that B-lactamase bacteria are resistant to the the drug. Oh let me mention this in passing one of the ways to prevent GONOCOCCAL OPHTHALMIA in newborns where the mother has gonorrhea is by the use of SILVER NITRATE DROPS in the eyes. ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLINS- Methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin these are penicillinase resistant penicillins. Their use is usually restricted in treating infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Keep in mind that METHICILLIN RESISTANT STRAINS are usually susceptible to Vancomycin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or imipenem/cilastatin. EXTENDED SPECTRUM PENICILLINS:- Ampicillin and Amoxicillin. These are less potent than Pen G against Gm+ and Gm- cocci. However, ampicillin is the drug of choice against Gm+ Bacillus. We are now beginning to see resistance to these antibiotics so you can add a beta-lactamase inhibitor such as CLAVULANIC ACID or SULBACTAM so as to protect the penicillins from enzymatic action. ANTIPSEUDOMONAL PENICILLINS: Carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin are useful in pseudomonal infections, and of the three piperacillin is the most potent. Combining ticarcillin with clavulanic acid will give you a broader spectrum so you get more bang for your buck. PENICILLINS AND AMINOGLYCOSIDES: The antibacterial effects of B-lactam antibiotics are synergistic with the aminoglycosides but NEVER! NEVER! Place both of them in the same INFUSION FLUID because the positively charged aminoglycosides will form an INACTIVE COMPLEX with the negatively charged penicillins. Some basic rules of administration: Methicillin, ticarcilloin, carbenicillin, meziocillin,piperacillin, azocillin and ampicillin plus sulbactam must be given IV or IM. You can get Pen V or Amoxicillin combined with Clavulanic acid P. O. There is a REPOSITORY or DEPOT form of penicillin and this is PROCAINE PENICILLIN G and BENZATHTHINE PENICILLIN G they are given IM and are slowly absorbed into the circulation. As a rule most of the penicillins are incompletely absorbed after p. o administration but they reach the intestine in sufficient amounts. However, AMOXICILLIN is almost completely absorbed. THUS it is not appropriate therapy for SALMONELLA derived enteritis. Since effective levels do not reach the organism in the intestinal crypts. Food will impede ALL PENICILLINASE RESISTANT PENICILLINS therefore they should be taken 30 – 60 minutes before meals or 2 – 3 hours after meals. Be reminded that other penicillins are less affected by food. Primary route of excretion via kidneys. The drug PROBENICID will inhibit secretion of penicillins. Adverse reactions include hypersensitivity, diarrhea, nephritis(seen more with methicillin), neurotoxic so be careful with the EPILEPTIC patient. Platelet dysfunction, (seen more with ticarcillin and carbenicillin) NEXT STOP CEPHALOSPORINS. These are B-lactam antibiotics and are closely related to penicillins structurally and functionally, and have the same mode of action and mechanism of resistance as the penicillins, but tend to be more resistant than the penicillins to B-Lactamase. Cephalosporins have been classified as first, second, third and fourth generations largely on the basis of bacterial susceptibility patterns and resistance to B-lactamases. Clinical uses vary depending on the generation of the drug. First Gen: Cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil – great for Gm+ cocci, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonae, and some proteus species. Also Penicillin G resistant staph. Second Gen: cefotetan, cefaclor, cefoxitin useful against Gm- bacilli, including B. fragilis(cefotetan) H. influenza, enterobacter aerogenes, neisseria species and Moraxella catarrhalis. Third Gen: Many Gm= and Gm- cocci and Gm- bacilli including B-lactamase forming strains. Ceftazidime (Pseudomonas), ceftizoxime (anerobes), ceftriaxone and cefixime(gonococci), cefotaxamine(antagonizes Vit K), cefoperazole,moxalactam. Fourth Gen: Cefipime This drug combines the Gm+ activity of the first generation with the Gm- activity of the third generation drugs. Please keep in mind that cephalosporins have some limitations: a. The third and fourth generations have a wide spectrum of antibacterial action that includes many significant pathogens. b. There are gaps in the antibacterial activity of cephalosporins c. None of the cephalosporins have clinically useful activity in the treatment of infections caused by methicillin resistant staphylococci, Listeria species, enterococci or â€Å"atypical† organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumonae and Chlamydia. The mechanism of action similar to Penicillins, and the mechanisms of resistance are essentially the same as those for penicillin. All cephalosporins except CEFADROXIL, CEPHRADINE(1st), CEFACLOR(2ND), and CEFIXIME(3rd) must be administered via IV. Due to poor oral absorption. All of them distribute very well into the body fluids but only with the 3rd gen you get adequate levels in the CSF especially with CEFOTAXAMINE which isused to treat meningitis caused by H. influenza. Elimination of cephalosporins is by tubular secretion and or glomerular filtration. Thus dosage must be adjusted in pts with renal failure. However, Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone are EXCRETED THRU BILE into the FECES, and can be used in pts with renal insufficiency. Among the side effects of cephalosporins are allergic manifestations in that 15% of individuals allergic to penicillins will show cross-sensitivity whereas the allergic reactions to cephalosporins is 1 2%. There is a disulfiram-like EFFECT when CEFAMANDOLE, CEFOPERAZONE and MOXALACTAM are ingested with alcohol or alcohol-containing medications. These drugs will block the second step in alcohol oxidation which results in accumulation of acetaldehyde. In fact these same three drugs can also cause bleeding because of anti-vit K effects. So give Vit K to correct the problem of bleeding. Let us look at the other B-Lactam antibiotics. CARBAPENEMS- These are IV drugs which are eliminated via the kidneys so you have to reduce the dosage in renal dysfunction patients. The carbipenems are IMIPENEM and MEROPENEM, and they are bacteriocidal and have a wide activity against Gm+ and Gm- bacteria including anerobes. Very good in Empiric therapy pending lab results. Imipenem is used with CILASTATIN which blocks its metabolism by renal dihydropeptidases. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes and seizures are among the adverse effects. MONOBACTAMS AZTREONAM is capable of disrupting cell wall synthesis but has a narrow spectrum and cannot be used alone in empiric therapy. It is resistant to B- lactamases. Used IM or IV and is excreted in the urine so it can accumulate in pts with renal problems. However, the drug is relatively non toxic although it can cause phlebitis, skin rash and occasionally abnormal liver function tests. This is a safe alternative for treating patients allergic to penicillin. B-Lactamase Inhibitors. Clavulanic acid, sulbactam. These protect penicillin derivatives from enzymatic inactivation by B-lactamases. Note ; clavulanic acid alone barely has antibacterial activity. We now arrive at the big gun, VANCOMYCIN a bacteriocidal wall inhibitor of glycosylation ractions by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the peptide chains of peptidoglycans. Resistance involves decreased binding of the drug via replacement of the terminal D-Ala-by D-lactate. It is used mainly for severe infections caused by methicillin resistant staph, pseudomembraneous colitis caused by C. difficile, allergies to penicillin,used prophylactically in dental patients with prosthetic heart valves. Resistrance rarely occurs with it, and slow IV infusion is used to treat systemic infections. Drug is excreted via glomerular filtration. The side effects are serious ; dose-related ototoxicity is associated with serum levels above 80ug/ml. Nephrotoxicity may occur in some pts, fever, chills or phlebitis can occur at the site of infusion. Shock has occurred in pts when infusion is rapid. Rashes may be seen in chronic administration. I want you to remember this for the boards if a pt has ANTIBIOTIC –INDUCED COLITIS give VANCOMYCIN p. o. since it is not absorbed after oral administration.

Sue Monk Kidd, Author of The Secret Life of Bees

Sue Monk Kidd, Author of 'The Secret Life of Bees' Sue Monk Kidd (born August 12, 1948) spent the early days of her writing career penning memoirs, going on to publish her first novel,  The Secret Life of Bees, in 2002. Kidds career has spanned genres of contemplative spirituality, feminist theology, and fiction.   Fast Facts: Sue Monk Kidd Known For: Bestselling novelistBorn: August 12, 1948, in Sylvester, GeorgiaParents:  Leah and Ridley MonkEducation: Texas Christian University, Emory UniversityPublished Works:  The Invention of Wings, The Secret Life of Bees, The Mermaid Chair, The Dance of the Dissident Daughter, Traveling with Pomegranates: A Mother-Daughter StorySpouse: Sanford KiddChildren: Ann and BobNotable Quote: â€Å"It is the peculiar nature of the world to go on spinning no matter what sort of heartbreak is happening.†Ã‚   Early Life Raised in Sylvester, a rural town in Georgia, Kidd was the daughter of an imaginative, story-telling father. She knew early on that she wanted to be a writer. She cites Thoreaus Walden and Kate Chopins The Awakening as early influences that would eventually lead to a writing career rooted in spirituality. In 1970, Kidd earned a B.S. degree from Texas Christian University in nursing. During her 20s, she worked as a registered nurse and a college nursing instructor at the Medical College of Georgia. Kidd married  Sanford â€Å"Sandy† Kidd, with whom she had two children. Early Literary Work When she decided to enroll in writing classes, Kidd and her family were living in South Carolina where her husband taught at a small liberal arts college. Her goal was to write fiction, but she began her career writing nonfiction inspirational pieces, many of which she published in Guideposts Magazine, where she eventually became a contributing editor. Spiritual searching ensued, which Kidd chronicled in her first book, Gods Joyful Surprise (1988). Two years later in 1990, her second spiritual memoir followed, entitled  When the Heart Waits. Spiritual Publications While in her 40s, Kidd turned her attention to a study of feminist spirituality, resulting in another memoir,  The Dance of the Dissident Daughter (1996). The book recounts her spiritual journey from a Baptist upbringing to non-traditional feminist spiritual experiences. Novels and Memoirs Kidd is best known for her first novel, The Secret Life of Bees (2002), in which she tells the coming-of-age story- set in 1964- of a 14-year-old girl and her black housekeeper, a modern classic that spent over two years on The New York Times bestseller list, has been published in 35 countries, and is now taught in college and high school classrooms. In 2005, Kidd followed with The Mermaid Chair, the story of a middle-aged married woman who falls in love with a Benedictine monk. Like The Secret Life of Bees, The Mermaid Chair uses its female protagonist to explore spiritual themes. The Mermaid Chair was also a long-time bestseller and won the  2005 Quill Award for General Fiction. Shortly thereafter, Firstlight, a collection of Kidds early writings, was published by Guideposts Books in 2006 and by Penguin in 2007.   Kidd co-authored her next memoir with her daughter Ann Kidd Taylor after they traveled together in France, Greece, and Turkey. The resulting  Traveling with Pomegranates  (2009) appeared on The New York Times list and has been published in several languages. Her third novel,  The Invention of Wings, was published in 2014 by Viking and remained on The New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller list for more than six months. The winner of several literary awards,  The Invention of Wings  won the SIBA Book Award and was selected for Oprahs Book Club 2.0. It has been translated into 24 languages and sold over one million copies.   Her entire collection of writings to date include: Gods Joyful Surprise (1988)When the Heart Waits (1990)The Dance of the Dissident Daughter (1996)The Secret Life of Bees (2002)The Mermaid Chair (2005)Firstlight: The Early Inspirational Writings of Sue Monk Kidd  (2006)Traveling with Pomegranates: A Mother-Daughter Journey to the Sacred Places of Greece, Turkey, and France  (with Ann Kidd Taylor) (2009)The Invention of Wings (2014) Sources Bryfonski, Dedria.  Coming of Age in Sue Monk Kidds Secret Life of Bees.  Greenhaven Press, 2013.Sue Monk Kidd, 30 Sept. 2018.â€Å"Sue Monk Kidd.†Ã‚  New Georgia Encyclopedia.